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Rome (Italian and Latin: Roma) is the capital city of Italy and of the Lazio region, as well as the country's largest and most populous comune, with about 2.5 million residents (3.8 million considering the whole urbanised area, as represented by the Province of Rome). It is located in the central-western portion of the Italian peninsula, where the river Aniene joins the Tiber. As one of the largest cities in the European Union, the Comune di Roma has a gross domestic product of ˆ97 billion in the year 2005, equal to 6.7% of Italy's GDP — the highest proportion of GDP produced by any single Italian comune. The current Mayor of Rome is Walter Veltroni.

According to legend, the city of Rome was founded by the twins Romulus and Remus on April 21, 753 BC. Archaeological evidence supports claims that Rome was inhabited since the 8th century BC and earlier.[2] The city was the cradle of Roman civilization that produced the largest and longest-lasting empire of classical antiquity that reached its greatest extent in AD 117. The city was pivotal and responsible for the spread of Greco-Roman culture that endures to this day. Rome is also identified with Christianity and the Catholic Church and has been the episcopal seat of the Popes since the 1st century AD. The State of the Vatican City, the sovereign territory of the Holy See and smallest nation in the world, is an enclave of Rome.

Rome, Caput mundi ("capital of the world"), Limen Apostolorum ("threshold of the Apostles"), la città dei sette colli ("the city of the seven hills") or simply l'Urbe ("the City"),[3] is thoroughly modern and cosmopolitan. As one of the few major European cities that escaped World War II relatively unscathed, central Rome remains essentially Renaissance and Baroque in character. The Historic Centre of Rome is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site[4] by virtue of its three thousand years of accumulated history and art: a city of the divine and the sublime, of gods, kings, emperors and popes — Città Eterna — the "Eternal City".

 

Ðèì (èò. Roma) — ñòîëèöà Èòàëèè, àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûé öåíòð ïðîâèíöèè Ðèì è îáëàñòè Ëàöèî. Ðàñïîëîæåí íà ðåêå Òèáð. Íàñåëåíèå — 2,6 ìëí ÷åëîâåê.  Ðèì — îäèí èç ñòàðåéøèõ ãîðîäîâ ìèðà, äðåâíÿÿ ñòîëèöà Ðèìñêîé èìïåðèè. Ïîýòîìó Ðèì ÷àñòî íàçûâàþò «âå÷íûì ãîðîäîì». Òàêæå Ðèì íàçûâàþò «ãîðîäîì íà ñåìè õîëìàõ». Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî ïîñåëåíèÿ ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà õîëìå Ïàëàòèí, âïîñëåäñòâèè áûëè çàñåëåíû ñîñåäíèå õîëìû — Êàïèòîëèé è Êâèðèíàë. Íåñêîëüêî ïîçæå ïîñåëåíèÿ ïîÿâèëèñü íà ïîñëåäíèõ 4-õ õîëìàõ Öåëèé, Àâåíòèí, Ýñêâèëèí è Âèìèíàë.

Ïî ïðåäàíèþ, Ðèì áûë îñíîâàí Ðîìóëîì è Ðåìîì 21 àïðåëÿ 753 ã. äî í. ý. Ðîìóë è ñòàë åãî ïåðâûì öàð¸ì. Ýòó äàòó ïðèâîäèò èñòîðèê Ìàðê Òåðåíöèé Âàððîí. Äî íåãî ðèìëÿíå íàçûâàëè ðàçëè÷íûå äàòû â ïðîìåæóòêå ìåæäó 758 è 728 ãîäàìè äî í.  Òî÷íàÿ äàòà ïåðâîãî ïîñåëåíèÿ ëþäåé íà òåððèòîðèè Ðèìà íåèçâåñòíà. Ñêîðåå âñåãî, äî 1000 ãîäà òàì åùå íèêòî íå æèë. Ñàìûå ðàííèå ñâèäåòåëüñòâà ïîñòîÿííîãî ïðîæèâàíèÿ äàòèðóþòñÿ êîíöîì VII âåêà äî í. ý.  òå÷åíèå ñîòåí ëåò Ðèì áûë íåáîëüøèì ïîñåëåíèåì â öåíòðå Àïïåíèíñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà. Îäíàêî âûãîäíîå ìåñòîïîëîæåíèå è àãðåññèâíàÿ ïîëèòèêà, âìåñòå ñ ðÿäîì íîâîââåäåíèé â âîåííîì äåëå ïîñòåïåííî âûâåëè åãî íà ëèäèðóþùèå ïîçèöèè ñíà÷àëà â îáëàñòè, à ïîòîì è â ðåãèîíå. Îêîí÷àòåëüíûì «ýêçàìåíîì» íà ïðàâî ïåðâåíñòâà ñòàëè çàòÿæíûå Ïóíè÷åñêèå âîéíû, êîòîðûå ãîðîä âåë ñ Êàðôàãåíîì.  ðåçóëüòàòå ýòîãî ñòîëêíîâåíèÿ Êàðôàãåí áûë â áóêâàëüíîì ñìûñëå ñòåðò ñ ëèöà çåìëè. Ïîñëå ýòîãî Ðèì ìåòîäè÷íî ïîêîðèë âñå ñòðàíû Ñðåäèçåìíîìîðüÿ, Çàïàäíîé Åâðîïû è Áëèæíåãî Âîñòîêà. Ñâîåãî ðàñöâåòà Ðèìñêîå ãîñóäàðñòâî äîñòèãëî ïðè èìïåðàòîðå Àäðèàíå âî II âåêå í. ý., êîãäà âîåííîå è ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå ìîãóùåñòâî ñî÷åòàëîñü ñ ìèðîì âíóòðè èìïåðèè. Íàñåëåíèå Ðèìà ïðåâûøàëî 1 ìëí ÷åëîâåê.

Êîíåö èìïåðèè ïîëîæèëè ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå âòîðæåíèÿ èçâíå ãåðìàíñêèõ è ñëàâÿíñêèõ íàðîäîâ, à òàêæå ðàñòóùèå ñåïàðàòèñòñêèå òåíäåíöèè âíóòðè ñàìîãî ãîñóäàðñòâà.  ïåðèîä Ñðåäíèõ âåêîâ Ðèì âîøåë ðàçðóøåííûì, ïîòåðÿâ âñ¸ ñâîå ìîãóùåñòâî, íî îñòàâàÿñü ðåçèäåíöèåé ðèìñêèõ ïàï. Ñòàòóñ ñòîëèöû Èòàëèè ãîðîä âåðíóë òîëüêî â XIX âåêå ïîñëå Ðèñîðäæèìåíòî è îáúåäèíåíèÿ Èòàëèè.

 

 

 

 

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