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Pisa's origins are unknown. The city lies at the junction of two rivers, Arno and Auser (now disappeared) in the Tyrrhenian Sea forming a laguna area. The Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans and the Ligurians have variously been proposed as founders of the city. Archeological remains from the 5th century BC confirm the existence of a city at the sea, trading with Greeks and Gauls. The presence of an Etruscan necropolis was discovered during excavations in the Arena Garibaldi in 1991. Also ancient Roman authors referred to Pisa as an old city. Servius wrote that the Teuti, or Pelopes, the king of the Pisei, founded the town thirteen centuries before the birth of Christ. Strabo referred Pisa's origins to the mythical Nestor, king of Pylos, after the fall of Troy. Virgil in his Aeneid states that Pisa was already a great and developed centre by the times described; foundation of the city in the 'Etruscan lands' credited to settlers from Alpheus coast.

The maritime role of Pisa should have been already prominent if the ancient authorities ascribed to it the invention of the rostrum: it took advantage of being the only port along the coast, from Genoa, then a small village, to Ostia. Pisa served as a base for Roman naval expeditions against Ligurians, Gauls and Carthaginians. In 180 BC it became a Roman colony under Roman law, as Portus Pisanus. In 89 BC, Portus Pisanus became a municipium. Emperor Augustus fortified the colony into an important port and changed the name in Colonia Iulia obsequens. From 313 it became the seat of a bishopric.

Îäíèì èç ãëàâíûõ ìîíóìåíòîâ ãîðîäà ÿâëÿåòñÿ Ïàäàþùàÿ áàøíÿ, ñ 1986 ã. âìåñòå ñ ïëîùàäüþ, ñîáîðîì è áàïòèñòåðèåì èìåþùàÿ ñòàòóñ âñåìèðíîãî íàñëåäèÿ

Ãîðîä íàõîäèòñÿ íà âûñîòå 4 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ. Çàíèìåò 185 êì².  í¸ì ïðîæèâàåò 88,363 æèòåëåé (2004). Ïëîòíîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ 462 185 êì²

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